Which receptor is an agonist affected by ethanol?

Ethanol, commonly known as alcohol, primarily exerts its effects through the GABA-A receptor, which is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter receptor in the central nervous system. When ethanol binds to the GABA-A receptor, it enhances the receptor's activity, increasing the influx of chloride ions into the neuron. This results in hyperpolarization of the neuron, making it less likely to fire and thereby producing sedative and anxiolytic effects.

The interaction with the GABA-A receptor is significant in terms of both the acute effects of alcohol, such as relaxation and sedation, and the potential for dependence and withdrawal symptoms when alcohol use is reduced or stopped. This pharmacological action contributes to the overall profile of ethanol as a central nervous system depressant, impacting cognition, motor skills, and judgment.