Which medication should be avoided in treating Hallucinogen Persisting Perceptual Disorder?

Hallucinogen Persisting Perceptual Disorder (HPPD) is a condition characterized by persistent visual disturbances such as hallucinations or flashbacks that occur after the use of hallucinogenic substances. Treatment for HPPD can be challenging, as conventional interventions may not be effective.

Antipsychotics are specifically noted to be potentially problematic for managing HPPD symptoms. While they might seem like a logical choice to help manage perceptual disturbances, studies suggest that their use in individuals with HPPD can lead to exacerbation of symptoms rather than relief. This is because antipsychotics can induce dopamine fluctuations that could worsen perceptual distortions, the very core of HPPD symptoms.

In contrast, benzodiazepines may be used to manage anxiety that accompanies HPPD, and naltrexone is not directly contraindicated for HPPD but is used for opioid use disorder and can help in managing cravings. Clonidine is sometimes used to address withdrawal symptoms and hyperarousal, showing that it can have utility in different contexts. Thus, the avoidance of antipsychotics in treating HPPD is underscored by their potential to aggravate the symptoms rather than provide therapeutic benefits. This understanding underscores the