What is the mechanism of action of hallucinogens at receptors?

Hallucinogens primarily exert their effects through their action on serotonin receptors, particularly the 5-HT2A receptor. These substances act as partial agonists at these receptors, which means they bind to the receptor and activate it, but to a lesser degree than a full agonist would. This partial agonistic action is crucial for the hallucinogenic effects experienced by users, contributing to altered perception, cognition, and mood.

The interaction with the 5-HT2A receptor is significant due to its role in various neurological processes. Activation of these receptors induces changes in sensory perception and cognition, which are characteristic of the hallucinogenic experience. This mechanism is well-supported by research linking the effects of substances like LSD, psilocybin, and other hallucinogens to the stimulation of these specific serotonin receptors.

While other receptors and pathways may play a role in the overall effects of hallucinogens, their primary mechanism of action aligns closely with the partial agonism at 5-HT2A receptors, distinguishing them from other classes of drugs that may interact with different receptor systems.